Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universität zu Köln gGmbH
© fotolia/Thorsten Schier

Electricity & Heating

Models
Studies
Working Paper
Articles

Models

01DIMENSION
The DIMENSION model is a long-term simulation model for the European electricity market, including all production and storage technologies.
02DIMENSION GRID
Extending the investment and dispatch model DIMENSION, DIMENSION-GRID allows to consider grid restrictions and power flow constraints in the context of simulating the market outcome in European power markets as well as quantifying the resulting redispatch needs.
03MORE
The MORE model optimises the total costs of the electricity generation system and can depict grid restrictions.
04COMODO
COMODO simulates the diffusion process of distributed generation technologies in the residential, tertiary and industry sectors.
05EASE
EASE enables the valuation of assets in electricity markets and optimizes the utilization of the assets on the day-ahead, intraday and control power markets and quantifies the corresponding revenues.

Studies

01Electricity cost in the non-ferrous metal industry – A sensitivity analysis

Client: WirtschaftsVereinigung Metalle e.V.

Electricity cost in the non-ferrous metal industry – A sensitivity analysis
On behalf of the WirtschaftsVereinigung Metalle e.V., EWI analysed the effects of an increase in electricity prices on the gross value added of exemplary companies in the non-ferrous metal industry. In 2017, the electricity prices of companies in the non-ferrous metal industry fluctuated between 3.6 ct/kWh for an aluminium electrolysis plant and 14.0 ct/kWh for a small copper rolling mill. The large differences are mainly due to the deviating regulatory relief schemes. Compared to other branches of the manufacturing industry, the electricity cost intensity is highest in the metal industry with an average of 14.5 %, an electricity price increase therefore has comparatively strong effects. An increase in electricity prices by 1.0 ct/kWh would reduce the gross value added of the metal industry by 439 million Euro (2.3 %), processes with high electricity-cost intensity such as aluminium electrolysis would be particularly affected strongly.
10Short study: Flexibility potential of households for the network-related reduction of demand peaks

Supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)

Short study: Flexibility potential of households for the network-related reduction of demand peaks
In future, increased use of heat pumps and electric cars in the building and transport sectors could create new requirements for network expansion and operation, especially in the low-voltage networks. The increased use of heat pumps and electric cars has an impact on the quantity of electricity demanded and on the temporal structure of electricity demand. Against this backdrop, the question arises as to which flexibility potentials could be used cost-effectively in households in the future. In the context of this study, the flexibility potential of different household types is analysed. The focus here is on the costs of flexibility in time windows that are potentially critical for low-voltage grids. The study is based on the ewi ER&S model for the analysis of consumer behaviour (COMODO) and analyses the flexibility potentials for the year 2030.
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09Final report of Virtuelles Institut Strom zu Gas und Wärme

Supported by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia

Final report of Virtuelles Institut Strom zu Gas und Wärme
The „Virtual Institute Power to Gas and Heat“ (Virtuelles Institut Strom zu Gas und Wärme – VI SGW) is a consortium of seven scientific and technical institutes funded by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and by the Cluster EnergieForschung of EnergieAgentur.NRW, which together conduct research on flexibility options for the future power-gas-heating integrated system. Alongside in-depth research on innovative technology pathways and energy system transformations, the work presented also includes the construction of a demonstration facility at the “Gas und Wärme” Institute in Essen. The Virtual Institute submitted the results of its work in five volumes. The Management Summary provides an overview of the results of the research that was carried out in the VI SGW project between 2015 to 2017. Since the results of the cooperation are extensive, the Management Summary is designed to aid the reader in understanding the structure of the analysis and allowing topics of interest to be quickly located within the five volumes. The five volumes of the final report are “Volume I: System and Location Analyses”; “Volume II: Analyses of Technology Pathways”; “Volume III: Accompanying Experimental Research”; “Volume IV: Appendix to Volumes I-III”; “Volume V: Technology Datasheets”. ewi ER&S is a partner and co-coordinator of the Virtual Institute SGW project, coordinating and contributing to “Volume I: System and Location Analyses” as well as contributing to “Volume II: Analyses of Technology Pathways” and “Volume V: Technology Datasheets”. The Management Summary and all volumes of the final report can be found on the project’s website via the external link below.
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08The underrated long-term relevance of gas in the decarbonizing German energy space

Client: ewi ER&S and The Gas Value Chain Company

The underrated long-term relevance of gas in the decarbonizing German energy space
‘ewi ER&S’ and ‘The Gas Value Chain Company’ have extracted the considerations and arguments addressing the long-term relevance of gas in the decarbonizing German energy space in various studies, with strong focus on the ‘dena- Leitstudie’ “Integrierte Energiewende”. They compare a scenario labelled “Electrons” - implying a high degree of electrification and lower use of gas – with a scenario labelled “Molecules”, the latter implying a higher degree of direct gas use in all sectors.
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07Nord Stream 2 and its effects on European wholesale power prices

Client: Nord Stream 2

Nord Stream 2 and its effects on European wholesale power prices
On behalf of Nord Stream 2, ewi ER&S analyzed the effects of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline on European wholesale power prices. The study shows that European electricity prices will be between 2.2 to 4.3 €/MWh lower (a 5% to 8% reduction) in a Low LNG price scenario, and 6.5 to 10.7 €/MWh lower in a High LNG price scenario (a 12% to 16% reduction). These lower prices result in a benefit to European consumers of €7bn to €14bn per year in the Low LNG price scenario and €21bn to €35bn per year in the High LNG price scenario.
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06Economic assessment of the market development model

Client: ARGE Netz

Economic assessment of the market development model
To extend the current marketing possibilities for electricity from renewable energy sources, Bundesverband Windenergie (BWE) and ARGE Netz propose a market development model. This proposal of changing the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) is supposed to allow a direct retail of renewable electricity from the plant operator to final consumers and at the same time to ensure the proof of the simultaneousness of generation and consumability. ewi ER&S analyses the economic effects of the market development model. For final consumers, the model creates a possibility to show their preference – and thereby their willingness to pay - for consumable renewable power and to purchase it. This allows the plant operators a better marketing option of their consumable renewable power. If production and consumption happen spatially close to each other, this can additionally relieve the grids. The EEG account will not receive additional financial burdens, even reliefs are possible.
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05Study comparison sector coupling

Client: ewi ER&S

Study comparison sector coupling
In April 2018 ewi ER&S published the study "Kosteneffiziente Umsetzung der Sektorenkopplung" on behalf of the Ministry of Economics, Innovation, Digitisation and Energy of North Rhine-Westphalia. In June 2018, the "dena-Leitstudie Integrierte Energiewende" was published with ewi ER&S as the principal scientific assessor. Both studies analyse cross-sector strategies for achieving climate targets in the medium and long term. Within the framework of the "Studienvergleich Sektorenkopplung ", similarities and differences in the design of the study are pointed out transparently and the differences in the results are presented in detail.
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04dena-Leitstudie Integrierte Energiewende (dena Study on Integrated Energy Transition)

Client: Deutsche Energie-Agentur (dena)

dena-Leitstudie Integrierte Energiewende (dena Study on Integrated Energy Transition)
The dena-Leitstudie Integrierte Energiewende develops and compares transformation pathes for the energy system in Germany with the objective to attain the climate-political goals by 2050. It pursues an innovative cross-sector scenario approach. At the same time, it is based on the branch knowledge of more than 60 partners from all relevant sectors and on the continuuos exchange with important actors from politics, society and science. The objective is to give impulses for designing the energy system by 2050. ewi ER&S is the main scientific advisor to the study. The central results of the study say that Germany will be able to attain its goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80 as well as by 95 % up to the year 2050 if the strains in all sectors are increased. Therefore, the roll-out and system integration of renewable energy sources must be forced, the end energy consumption has to be reduced by extensive energy efficiency efforts, and synthetic regenerative energy sources must be used on a big scale. A broad mix of technologies and energy sources makes the transformation of the energy system more cost-efficient than a fortified use of electricity-based applications.
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03Cost-efficient realization of sector coupling

Client: Ministry of Economy, Innovation, Digitalization and Energy of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (MWIDE)

Cost-efficient realization of sector coupling
The study examines options for a medium-term and long-term attainment of German goals for the reduction of greenhouse gases by 2050. The focus lies on finding cost-optimal development pathes in the energy consumption sectors of buildings, transportation, industry and in the energy sector. The study finds that a technology-open approach is to be preferred to an extensive electrification of the consumption sectors. In addition, the German climate goals are classified into the European context, incentive structures are analyzed from stakeholders' pespectives, and recommendations for a further development of legal frame conditions are yielded. The study was commissioned by the Ministry of Economy, Innovation, Digitalization and Energy of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (MWIDE). The ef.Ruhr GmbH is the cooperation partner for examining the implications on the electricity networks.[Study (in German, short version)] [Study (in German, long version)]
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02Final report: The role of Power-to-gas in the context of the energy transition

Funding by Deutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches (DVGW)

Final report: The role of Power-to-gas in the context of the energy transition
The study examines, from an economical perspective, the role power-to-gas (PtG) technologies may play in interlinking various sectors (namely electricity, heat and transport). The use of PtG technologies is analyzed for a wide range of applications including chemical storage, PtG in the industrial sector, the (potential) reduction of extensions in the high-voltage grid, power to heat (PtH) in the heating sector and power-to-gas-to-liquid (PtGtL) fuels for road transport.
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01Regional market potentials of cross-sectoral energy services

Client: ewi ER&S and EY

Regional market potentials of cross-sectoral energy services
In this study, we analyze the market potentials of cross-sectoral energy services, i.e., power supply for tenants, battery storage at household level and e-mobility in Germany. We especially focus on the differences between regions. As a start, we describe the general opportunities for companies regarding energy services. Specific models and use cases for the three energy services are depicted in further detail. We then proceed to analyze the market potential in Germany over the next years. The regional analysis is (partially) broken down to postal code level. The results show that for every energy service the distribution of the regional potential is quite different. This is due to several (regionally differing) factors, e.g., density of population, car ownership or photovoltaic installations. Depending on a company’s regional activity this has different strategic implications regarding their portfolio of energy services.
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07The energy market in 2030 and 2050 – The contribution of gas and heat infrastructure to an efficient CO2 reduction

Client: Gelsenwasser, Open Grid Europe und RheinEnergie

The energy market in 2030 and 2050 – The contribution of gas and heat infrastructure to an efficient CO2 reduction
The study examines which contribution current gas and heat infrastructure can make to an efficient minimization of greenhouse gas by 2030 and 2050 respective. Therefore the study uses a complete energy system model to quantify two possible scenarios for a greenhouse gas reduction correspondent to Germany’s 2030 and 2050 climate goals. In the “Revolution” scenario a forced electrification of final energy consumption is prescribed by the government, so that gas and heat infrastructures will more and more lose importance. In spite of the extensive electrification this is not an “all-electric” scenario, but will clearly develop in that direction. In the “Evolution” scenario there are no governmental prescriptions regarding certain technologies, so that current gas and heat infrastructure can be used continuously as long as it is economically profitable. The focus of the study lies in power and heat markets.
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06Brief assessment of alternatives for financing the German Renewable Energy Act (EEG)

Client: Deutsche Energie-Agentur (dena)

Brief assessment of alternatives for financing the German Renewable Energy Act (EEG)
ewi ER&S and FiFo Cologne assess three extreme cases of financing alternatives for the EEG: a kW-based levy on electricity, a carbon tax as well as financing from the federal budget. All options improve the competitiveness of electricity and incentivize sector coupling.
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05Gebäudestudie – Szenarien für eine marktwirtschaftliche Klima- und Ressourcenschutzpolitik 2050 im Gebäudesektor

Client: Deutsche Energie-Agentur (dena), Die Allianz für Gebäude-Energie-Effizienz (geea)

Gebäudestudie – Szenarien für eine marktwirtschaftliche Klima- und Ressourcenschutzpolitik 2050 im Gebäudesektor
The Buildings Study (Gebäudestudie), initiated by the members of the Allianz für Gebäude-Energie-Effizienz (geea), provides an economic analysis of the buildings sector. It investigates how the transformation of the buildings sector can be accomplished by an interplay of building shell, installation technology and a changed energy production, to reach an attainment of reducing greenhouse gases by 80% and by 95%. The study was created in the context of the dena-Leitstudie Integrierte Energiewende (Integrated Energy Transition). ewi ER&S is the main economic reviewer of the study, cooperating with FIW and ITG as technological reviewers.
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04dena-Leitstudie Integrierte Energiewende – Zwischenfazit

Client: Deutsche Energie-Agentur (dena)

dena-Leitstudie Integrierte Energiewende – Zwischenfazit

Sorry, this entry is only available in German.

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03Disruptive Potential in the German Electricity System – an Economic Perspective on Blockchain

Client: ewi ER&S

Disruptive Potential in the German Electricity System – an Economic Perspective on Blockchain
The hype around blockchain provided some rather discouraging scenarios for companies in the German electricity system. Our new analysis recently shows that blockchain currently has no disruptive potential for peer-to-peer power transactions. The study illustrates that while platforms (e.g., based on blockchain technology) for peer-to-peer transactions do not face organizational or regulatory barriers, levies, taxes and surcharges on final consumer power consumption burden the disruptive potential of the technology and hamper deployment. Public blockchain-based platforms will come with additional costs for underlying distributed mechanisms.
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02Starting Conditions for the Marketing of Demand Flexibility – Status Quo Analysis and Metastudy

Funding by: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)

Starting Conditions for the Marketing of Demand Flexibility – Status Quo Analysis and Metastudy
This study by ewi ER&S, Fraunhofer FIT and FIM is part of the research project SynErgie which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research for the enabling of the energy intensive industries in Germany to adapt the demand for electricity to the increasingly fluctuating supply of electricity. This study first describes the fundamentals of electricity market design and the legal framework. The reference to the application to industrial processes is always taken and potential barriers to the participation of flexible demand processes are worked through. The analysis serves the cluster-wide information about the status quo of market structures and regulatory framework conditions. In addition, the project partners analyze scientific findings on the subject of demand flexibility and prepare them in a comprehensive meta-study.
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01Analysis of an EU-wide Carbon Price Support

Client: ewi ER&S

Analysis of an EU-wide Carbon Price Support
The study projects the effects of a Carbon Price Support on the European electricity sector and its carbon dioxide emissions for the years 2017 – 2025 and identifies both winners and losers.
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03Kurzstudie: Bundesweite Vereinheitlichung von Netzentgelten auf Übertragungsnetzebene

Client: Amprion GmbH

Kurzstudie: Bundesweite Vereinheitlichung von Netzentgelten auf Übertragungsnetzebene

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02Black Swans (Risks) of the “Energiewende”

Client: German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy

Black Swans (Risks) of the “Energiewende”
The “Energiewende“ is of great importance for the energy supply as well as the economic development in Germany. The study at hand supports a political risk management focusing on unexpected or unlikely events (so-called “Black Swans”) and their effects in energy policy and macroeconomy as a whole. Building on this, it has the goal to analyse which (political) precautionary and reaction measures exist. As such, the main task of this study is to identify the principal risks arising from and to the “Energiewende”, in particular the deployment of renewable energies, and to analyse their effects.
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01Economic Impacts of a German Coal Phase-Out on the Power Markets in Germany and the EU

Client: ewi ER&S

Economic Impacts of a German Coal Phase-Out on the Power Markets in Germany and the EU
With the study „Economic Impacts of a German Coal Phase-Out on the Power Markets in Germany and the EU“, ewi ER&S takes up a proposal made by the German think tank Agora Energiewende in January 2016 concerning a coal phase-out in Germany. The proposal suggests a combination of two policy measures for the power sector. First, it encourages an early decommissioning of the German coal-fired power plants up to 2040 and, secondly, a retirement of emission allowances from the European emissions trading system in the amount of the mitigated CO2 emissions resulting from the coal phase-out. Based on ewi’s power market model DIMENSION, the study investigates the additional costs and distributional effects of this double-measure for the German and European power markets. The coal phase-out is assessed by economic theory and its projected costs are compared to the amount of CO2 abated.
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05Germany’s Wind and Solar Deployment 1991-2015

Client: E.ON Climate & Renewables North America

Germany’s Wind and Solar Deployment 1991-2015
Case study on Germany's wind and solar deployment and renewable energy policy structure. Research Cooperation with Stanford University.
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04Solar and Wind Deployment: A Comparison of Experiences in Germany, California and Texas

Client: E.ON Climate & Renewables North America

Solar and Wind Deployment: A Comparison of Experiences in Germany, California and Texas

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03Die Energiewirtschaft im Wandel – Herausforderungen und Strategien der Energieversorgungsunternehmen

Funding by German Federal Ministry of Education and Research

Die Energiewirtschaft im Wandel – Herausforderungen und Strategien der Energieversorgungsunternehmen

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02Auswirkungen von deutschen CO2-Vermeidungszielen im europäischen Strommarkt

Client: Bundesverband Braunkohle

Auswirkungen von deutschen CO2-Vermeidungszielen im europäischen Strommarkt

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01Virtuelles Institut Strom zu Gas und Wärme—Entwicklung einer Forschungsagenda für NRW

Funding by: Federal Ministry for Innovation, Science and Research of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia

Virtuelles Institut Strom zu Gas und Wärme—Entwicklung einer Forschungsagenda für NRW

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04Gesamtwirtschaftliche Effekte der Energiewende

Funding by German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy / in collaboration with GWS, Prognos

Gesamtwirtschaftliche Effekte der Energiewende

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03Entwicklung der Energiemärkte – Energiereferenzprognose

Funding by: German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy / in collaboration with GWS, Prognos

Entwicklung der Energiemärkte – Energiereferenzprognose

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02Die Energiewende – Herausforderung für Politik und Unternehmen

Client: EWI

Die Energiewende – Herausforderung für Politik und Unternehmen

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01Eigenerzeugung und Selbstverbrauch von Strom. Stand, Potentiale und Trends

Client: German Association of Energy and Water Industries in collaboration with Cologne Institute for Economic Research

Eigenerzeugung und Selbstverbrauch von Strom. Stand, Potentiale und Trends

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02Clearing – Studie Kapazitätsmärkte

Funding by German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy

Clearing – Studie Kapazitätsmärkte

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01Trendstudie Strom 2022 – Belastungstest für die Energiewende

Client: Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie e.V.

Trendstudie Strom 2022 – Belastungstest für die Energiewende

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04Flexibility options in European electricity markets in high RES-E scenarios

Client: International Energy Agency

Flexibility options in European electricity markets in high RES-E scenarios

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03Mögliche Entwicklung der Umlage zur Förderung der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien durch das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz bis 2018

Client: Initiative Neue Soziale Marktwirtschaft

Mögliche Entwicklung der Umlage zur Förderung der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien durch das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz bis 2018

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02Analyse der Stromkostenbelastung der energieintensiven Industrie

Funding by German Federal Ministry of Economy and Technology

Analyse der Stromkostenbelastung der energieintensiven Industrie

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01Investigation into a Sustainable Electricity Market Design for Germany

Funding by German Federal Ministry of Economy and Technology

Investigation into a Sustainable Electricity Market Design for Germany

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02Roadmap 2050 – a closer look

Client: EWI in cooperation with energynautics

Roadmap 2050 – a closer look
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01Energy Scenarios 2011

Funding by German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology / cooperation partner: Prognos, GWS

Energy Scenarios 2011
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07Integration of Renewable Energy Sources into the German Power Supply System in the 2015–2020 period with Outlook to 2025 (dena Grid Study II)

Client: German Energy Agency / in cooperation with: 50Hertz Transmission, Amprion, DEWI, EnBW transmission networks, Fraunhofer IWS, TenneT

Integration of Renewable Energy Sources into the German Power Supply System in the 2015–2020 period with Outlook to 2025 (dena Grid Study II)

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06Analyse und Bewertung der Versorgungssicherheit in der Elektrizitätsversorgung bis 2030

Funding by German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology / in cooperation with: Consentec, IAEW

Analyse und Bewertung der Versorgungssicherheit in der Elektrizitätsversorgung bis 2030

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05Energieszenarien für ein Energiekonzept der Bundesregierung

Funding by German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology / in cooperation with: Prognos, GWS

Energieszenarien für ein Energiekonzept der Bundesregierung

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04Energiekosten in Deutschland – Entwicklungen, Ursachen und internationaler Vergleich

Funding by German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology / in cooperation with: frontier economics

Energiekosten in Deutschland – Entwicklungen, Ursachen und internationaler Vergleich

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03Potenziale der Elektromobilität bis 2050 – Eine szenarienbasierte Analyse der Wirtschaftlichkeit, Umweltauswirkungen und Systemintegration

Client: German Association of Energy and Water Industries (BDEW) and 17 further partners from the energy industry, automotive and battery industry

Potenziale der Elektromobilität bis 2050 – Eine szenarienbasierte Analyse der Wirtschaftlichkeit, Umweltauswirkungen und Systemintegration

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02European RES-E Policy Analysis – Eine modellbasierte Studie über die Entwicklung der Stromerzeugung aus Erneuerbaren Energiequellen in Europa und die Auswirkungen auf den konventionellen Strommarkt

Client: State of North-Rhine Westphalia, BDEW, VGB Power Tech, Alpiq, E.ON, public utilities Munich, Vattenfall

European RES-E Policy Analysis – Eine modellbasierte Studie über die Entwicklung der Stromerzeugung aus Erneuerbaren Energiequellen in Europa und die Auswirkungen auf den konventionellen Strommarkt

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01Bewertung von Optionen für eine sichere, wirtschaftliche und umweltgerechte Energieentwicklung in Deutschland – Analyse der Ursachen für negative Strompreise am 3./4. Oktober 2009 und möglicher Abhilfemaßnahmen

Funding by German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology

Bewertung von Optionen für eine sichere, wirtschaftliche und umweltgerechte Energieentwicklung in Deutschland – Analyse der Ursachen für negative Strompreise am 3./4. Oktober 2009 und möglicher Abhilfemaßnahmen

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Working Paper

05Reliability in Multi-Regional Power Systems – Capacity Adequacy and the Role of Interconnectors

Simeon Hagspiel, Andreas Knaut, Jakob Peter
August 2017
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04Decoding Restricted Participation in Sequential Electricity Markets

Andreas Knaut, Martin Paschmann
June 2017
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03Tender Frequency and Market Concentration in Balancing Power Markets

Andreas Knaut, Frank Obermüller, Florian Weiser
January 2017
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02Competition and Regulation as a Means of Reducing CO2 Emissions: Experience from U.S. Fossil Fuel Power Plants

Christian Growitsch, Simon Paulus, Heike Wetzel
January 2017
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01Price Volatility in Commodity Markets with Restricted Participation

Andreas Knaut, Martin Paschmann
January 2017
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07Grid Investment and Support Schemes for Renewable Electricity Generation

Johannes Wagner
October 2016
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06When Are Consumers Responding to Electricity Prices? An Hourly Pattern of Demand Elasticity

Andreas Knaut, Simon Paulus
August 2016
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05Offering Energy Efficiency under Imperfect Competition and Consumer Inattention

Christian Tode
July 2016
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04Supply Chain Reliability and the Role of Individual Suppliers

Simeon Hagspiel
April 2016
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03How to Sell Renewable Electricity – Interactions of the Intraday and Day-ahead Market Under Uncertainty

Andreas Knaut, Frank Obermüller
April 2016
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02Innovation in Green Energy Technologies and the Economic Performance of Firms

Jürgen Kruse
February 2016
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01Innovation in Clean Coal Technologies: Empirical Evidence from Firm-Level Patent Data

Jürgen Kruse, Heike Wetzel
February 2016
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08Solar and Wind Deployment: A Comparison of Experiences in Germany, California and Texas.

Marc Oliver Bettzüge, Christina Elberg, Felix Höffler, Jakob Peter
December 2015
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07Germany’s Wind and Solar Deployment 1991 – 2015

Marc Oliver Bettzüge, Christina Elberg, Felix Höffler, Jakob Peter
December 2015
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06The relevance of grid expansion under zonal markets.

Joachim Bertsch, Tom Brown, Lisa Just, Simeon Hagspiel
December 2015
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05Regulation of non-marketed outputs and substitutable inputs.

Joachim Bertsch, Simeon Hagspiel
December 2015
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04Is an inefficient transmission market better than none at all? On zonal and nodal pricing in electricity systems.

Joachim Bertsch
November 2015
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03How Technological Potentials are Undermined by Economic and Behavioural Responses – The Treatment Effect of Endogenous Energy Efficiency Measures.

Helena Meier, Christian Tode
June 2015
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02Congestion management in power systems – Long-term modeling framework and large-scale application

Joachim Bertsch, Simeon Hagspiel, Lisa Just
June 2015
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01A Test of the Theory of Nonrenewable Resources – Controlling for Exploration and Market Power

Raimund Malischek, Christian Tode
May 2015
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12Investigating the Influence of Firm Characteristics on the Ability to Exercise Market Power – A Stochastic Frontier Analysis Approach with an Application to the Iron Ore Market

Robert Germeshausen, Timo Panke, Heike Wetzel
December 2014
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11The future of nuclear power in France: an analysis of the costs of phasing-out

Raimund Malischek, Johannes Trüby
November 2014
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10Energy prices, technological knowledge and green energy innovation: A dynamic panel analysis of patent counts

Jürgen Kruse, Heike Wetzel
July 2014
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09Cross-Border Effects of Capacity Mechanisms in Electricity Markets

Christina Elberg
July 2014
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08An Illustrative Note on the System Price Effect of Wind and Solar Power – The German Case

Cosima Jägemann
July 2014
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07Regionale Verteilungswirkungen des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes

Christian Growitsch, Helena Meier, Sebastian Schleich
April 2014
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06Households Facing Constraints. Fuel Poverty Put into Context

Ute Dubois, Helena Meier
February 2014
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05A Note on the Inefficiency of Technology- and Region-Specific Renewable Energy Support – The German Case

Cosima Jägemann
February 2014
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04Capacity Mechanisms and Effects on Market Structure

Christina Elberg, Sebastian Kranz
February 2014
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03The Hidden Cost of Investment: The Impact of Adjustment Cost on Firm Performance Measurement and Regulation

Sebastian Nick, Heike Wetzel
February 2014
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02Who benefits from cooperation? – A numerical analysis of redistribution effects resulting from cooperation in European RES-E support

Michaela Unteutsch
January 2014
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01Redistribution effects resulting from cross-border cooperation in support for renewable energy

Michaela Unteutsch
January 2014
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13The Economic Inefficiency of Grid Parity: The Case of German Photovoltaics

Cosima Jägemann, Simeon Hagspiel, Dietmar Lindenberger
December 2013
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12Promotion of Electricity from Renewable Energy in Europe post 2020 – the Economic Benefits of Cooperation

Michaela Fürsch, Dietmar Lindenberger
August 2013
[PDF-Download]

11The effect of weather uncertainty on the financial risk of green electricity producers under various renewable policies

Stephan Nagl
June 2013
[PDF-Download]

10Spatial dependencies of wind power and interrelations with spot price dynamics

Christina Elberg, Simeon Hagspiel
June 2013
[PDF-Download]

09Flexibility in Europe’s power sector – an additional requirement or an automatic complement?

Joachim Bertsch, Christian Growitsch, Stefan Lorenczik, Stephan Nagl
June 2013
[PDF-Download]

08Investment Coordination in Network Industries: The Case of Electricity Grid and Electricity Generation

Felix Höffler, Achim Wambach
June 2013
[PDF-Download]

07Cost-Optimal Power System Extension under Flow-based Market Coupling

Simeon Hagspiel, Cosima Jägemann, Dietmar Lindenberger, Tom Brown, Stanislav Cherevatskiy, Eckehard Tröster
May 2013
[PDF-Download]

06The Costs of Power Interruptions in Germany – an Assessment in the Light of the Energiewende

Christian Growitsch, Raimund Malischek, Sebastian Nick, Heike Wetzel
April 2013
[PDF-Download]

05The Impact of Ownership Unbundling on Cost Efficiency: Empirical Evidence from the New Zealand Electricity Distribution Sector

Massimo Filippini, Heike Wetzel
February 2013
[PDF-Download]

04The Value of Information in Explicit Cross-Border Capacity Auction Regimes in Electricity Markets

Jan Richter, Johannes Viehmann
February 2013
[PDF-Download]

03The Sledge on the Slope or: Energy in the Economy, and the Paradox of Theory and Policy

Reiner Kümmel, Dietmar Lindenberger
February 2013
[PDF-Download]

02Prices vs. Quantities: Incentives for renewable power generation – numerical analysis for the European power market

Stephan Nagl
February 2013
[PDF-Download]

01Port Competition and Welfare Effect of Strategic Privatization

Achim Czerny, Felix Höffler, Se-il Mun
January 2013
[PDF-Download]

07Using Supervised Environmental Composites in Production and Efficiency Analyses: An Application to Norwegian Electricity Networks

Luis Orea, Christian Growitsch, Tooraj Jamasb
December 2012
[PDF-Download]

06Der Merit-Order-Effekt der erneuerbaren Energien – Analyse der kurzen und langen Frist

Michaela Fürsch, Raimund Malischek, Dietmar Lindenberger
September 2012
[PDF-Download]

05Decarbonizing Europe’s power sector by 2050 – Analyzing the implications of alternative decarbonization pathways

Cosima Jägemann, Michaela Fürsch, Simeon Hagspiel, Stephan Nagl
September 2012
[PDF-Download]

04Attention, Media and Fuel Efficiency

Timo Gores, Stefan Thoenes
August 2012
[PDF-Download]

03Optimization of power plant investments under uncertain renewable energy development paths – A multistage stochastic programming approach

Michaela Fürsch, Stephan Nagl, Dietmar Lindenberger
May 2012
[PDF-Download]

02The role of grid extensions in a cost-efficient transformation of the European electricity system until 2050

Michaela Fürsch, Simeon Hagspiel, Cosima Jägemann, Dietmar Lindenberger, Stephan Nagl, Eckehard Tröster
February 2012
[PDF-Download]

01The costs of electricity systems with a high share of fluctuating renewables – a stochastic investment and dispatch optimization model for Europe

Stephan Nagl, Michaela Fürsch, Dietmar Lindenberger
January 2012
[PDF-Download]

03Understanding the determinants of electricity prices and the impact of the German Nuclear Moratorium in 2011

Stefan Thoenes
July 2011
[PDF-Download]

02Spatial dependence in wind and optimal wind power allocation: a copula based analysis

Oliver Grothe, Julius Schnieders
May 2011
[PDF-Download]

01DIMENSION – A Dispatch and Investment Model for European Electricity Markets

Jan Richter
April 2011
[PDF-Download]

04Scenarios for an Energy Policy Concept of the German Government

Stephan Nagl, Michaela Fürsch, Moritz Paulus, Jan Richter, Johannes Trüby, Dietmar Lindenberger
December 2010
[PDF-Download]

03Efficiency Effects of Quality of Service and Environmental Factors: Experience from Norwegian Electricity Distribution

Christian Growitsch, Tooraj Jamasb, Heike Wetzel
August 2010
[PDF-Download]

02The renewable energy targets of the Maghreb countries: Impact on electricity supply and conventional power markets

Bernhard Brand, Jonas Zingerle
May 2010
[PDF-Download]

01Wind Power Integration, negative Prices and Power System Flexibility – An Empirical Analysis of extreme Events in Germany

Marco Nicolosi
March 2010
[PDF-Download]

Articles

04Economic Growth in the USA and Germany 1960-2013: The Underestimated Role of Energy

Dietmar Lindenberger, Florian Weiser, Tobias Winkler, Reiner Kümmel
In: BioPhysical Economics and Resource Quality, Vol. 2 (3), Article 10.
[Link]

03The Relevance of Grid Expansion under Zonal Markets

Joachim Bertsch, Tom Brown, Simeon Hagspiel, Lisa Just
In: The Energy Journal, Vol. 38 (5).
[Link]

02The Amenity Value of the British Climate

Helena Meier, Katrin Rehdanz
In: Urban Studies, Vol. 54 (5), pp. 1235-1262.
[Link]

01Modeling Strategic Investment Decisions in Spatial Markets

Stefan Lorenczik, Raimund Malischek, Johannes Trüby
In: European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 256 (2), pp. 605-618.
[Link]

13Congestion Management in Power Systems – Long-term Modeling Framework and Large-scale Application

Joachim Bertsch, Simeon Hagspiel, Lisa Just
In: Journal of Regulatory Economics, Vol. 50, pp. 290 - 327, doi:10.1007/s11149-016-9310-x.

12The Impact of German CO2 Reduction Targets on the European Electricity Market

Dietmar Lindenberger
In: VGB PowerTech, 11/2016, pp. 76 - 79.
[Link]

11Flexibilization of Steam Power Plants as Partners for Renewable Energy Systems

Marcel Richter, Florian Möllenbruck, Frank Obermüller, Andreas Knaut, Florian Weiser, Hendrik Lens, Daniel Lehmann
In: Conference Proceedings Power Systems Computation Conference.
[Link]

10The Future of Nuclear Power in France: An Analysis of the Costs of Phasing-Out

Raimund Malischek, Johannes Trüby
In: Energy, Vol. 116, Part 1, pp. 908-921.
[Link]

09Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien und der Wettbewerb zwischen leitungsgebundenen Infrastrukturen

Marc Oliver Bettzüge, Helena Schweter
In: EY Studie: Geschäftsmodelle 2020 - Wie in der Energiewirtschaft zukünftig noch Geld verdient werden kann, p. 30.
[Link]

08Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Curves of the Residential Heating Market: A Microeconomic Approach

Caroline Löffler, Harald Hecking
In: Environmental and Resource Economics, pp. 1-33, first online: 17 August 2016.
[Link]

07The Impact of German CO2 Reduction Targets on the European Electricity Market

Dietmar Lindenberger
In: World of Mining, Vol. 68 (5).

06Tanken Verbraucher durch die Markttransparenzstelle für Kraftstoffe wirklich günstiger?

Isabelle Buchholz, Christian Tode
In: et – Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen, Vol. 66(1/2), pp. 33-35.

05CO2-Vermeidungsziele für den deutschen Stromsektor im europäischen Kontext

Joachim Bertsch, Dietmar Lindenberger, Martin Paschmann, Johannes Wagner
In: VIK Mitteilungen, Vol. 1|2016, pp. 23-26.

04The Reference Forecast of the German Energy Transition – An Outlook on Electricity Markets

Andreas Knaut, Christian Tode, Dietmar Lindenberger, Raimund Malischek, Simon Paulus, Johannes Wagner
In: Energy Policy, Vol. 92, pp. 477-491, Vol. 92, pp. 477-491.
[Link]

03COP 21 – Euphorie, Ernüchterung und Perspektiven für globale Treibhausgasminderung

Marc Oliver Bettzüge, Jakob Peter
In: ifo Schnelldienst, Vol. 69 (3), pp. 26-29.
[Link]

02The Hidden Cost of Investment: The Impact of Adjustment Costs on Firm Performance Measurement and Regulation

Sebastian Nick, Heike Wetzel
In: Journal of Regulatory Economics, Vol. 49 (1), pp. 33-55.
[Link]

01Flexibility in Europe’s Power Sector – an Additional Requirement or an Automatic Complement?

Joachim Bertsch, Christian Growitsch, Stefan Lorenczik, Stephan Nagl
In: Energy Economics, Vol. 53, pp- 118-131, (EWI Working Paper 2013/10).
[Link]

09Die Energiewirtschaft im Wandel – Herausforderungen und Strategien der Energieversorgungsunternehmen

Christian Growitsch, Lisa Just, Helena Schweter, Thomas Triebs, Heike Wetzel
In: et – Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen, Vol. 65 (10), pp. 57-60.

08Auswirkungen von deutschen CO2-Vermeidungszielen im europäischen Strommarkt

Joachim Bertsch, Dietmar Lindenberger, Martin Paschmann, Johannes Wagner
In: et – Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen, Vol. 65 (9), pp. 33-36.
[Link]

07Effekte nationaler Emissionsminderungsziele im europäischen Strommarkt – Eine modellbasierte Analyse für Deutschland

Joachim Bertsch, Dietmar Lindenberger, Martin Paschmann, Johannes Wagner
In: Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft, Vol. 39 (3), pp. 163-170.
[Link]

06The Economic Power of Energy and the Need to Integrate It with Energy Policy

Reiner Kümmel, Dietmar Lindenberger, Florian Weiser
In: Energy Policy, Vol. 86, pp. 833-843, Vol. 86, pp. 833-843.
[Link]

05Energy Prices, Technological Knowledge, and Innovation in Green Energy Technologies: a Dynamic Panel Analysis of European Patent Data

Jürgen Kruse, Heike Wetzel
In: CESifo Economic Studies, Vol 62 (3), pp. 397-425.
[Link]

04Preisvorhersage im Intraday-Markt auf Basis von Prognoseänderungen der Einspeisung aus Wind und Sonne

Helge Böschen, Andreas Knaut, Frank Obermüller, Christian Tode
In: et – Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen, Vol. 65 (8), pp. 31-33.

03The Costs of Power Interruptions in Germany: A Regional and Sectoral Analysis.

Christian Growitsch, Raimund Malischek, Sebastian Nick, Heike Wetzel
In: German Economic Review, Vol. 16 (3), pp. 307-323.
[Link]

02Potenzial von Power-To-Heat in Haushalt und Gewerbe.

Michael Prinz, Dietmar Lindenberger
In: e21, Vol. 1, pp. 22-25.

01Spatial Dependencies of Wind Power and Interrelations with Spot Price Dynamics.

Christina Elberg, Simeon Hagspiel
In: European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 241 (1), pp. 260-272.
[Link]

10Wettbewerb der Flexibilitätsoptionen

Dietmar Lindenberger
In: e21, 6.14, pp. 18-19.

09Wie lässt sich der deutsche Exportüberschuss für Strom in 2013 erklären?

Christian Growitsch, Stephan Nagl, Jakob Peter, Christian Tode
In: et – Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen, Vol. 64 (11), pp. 38-41.
[Link]

08Energy Reference Forecast and Energy Policy Targets for Germany.

Christian Lutz, Dietmar Lindenberger, Michael Schlesinger, Christian Tode
In: Die Unternehmung, Vol. 68 (3), pp. 154-163.

07Risk Assessment of Investments in Energy-only and Capacity Markets.

Christian Growitsch, Lisa Just, Burkhard Pedell
In: Die Unternehmung, Vol. 68 (3), pp. 181-188.

06Energiereferenzprognose 2014.

Michael Schlesinger, Dietmar Lindenberger, Christian Lutz
In: et – Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen, Vol. 64 (10), pp. 27-31.
[Link]

05Developments of the German Heat Market of Private Households Until 2030: A Simulation Based Analysis.

Caroline Dieckhöner, Harald Hecking
In: Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft, Vol. 38 (2), pp. 117-130.
[Link]

04Eigenerzeugung und Selbstverbrauch von Strom – Stand, Potentiale und Trends.

Hubertus Bardt, Esther Chrischilles, Christian Growitsch, Simeon Hagspiel, Lisa Schaupp
In: Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft, Vol. 38 (2), pp. 83-99.
[Link]

03Promotion of Electricity from Renewable Energy in Europe Post 2020 – The Economic Benefits of Cooperation.

Michaela Unteutsch, Dietmar Lindenberger
In: Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft, Vol. 38 (1), pp. 47-64.
[Link]

02Cost-Optimal Power System Extension under Flow-Based Market Coupling.

Simeon Hagspiel, Cosima Jägemann, Dietmar Lindenberger, Tom Brown, Stanislav Chrevatskiy, Eckehard Tröster
In: Energy, Vol. 66, pp. 654-666.
[Link]

01Optimization of power plants investments under uncertain renewable energy development paths: A multistage stochastic programming approach.

Michaela Fürsch, Stephan Nagl, Dietmar Lindenberger
In: Energy Systems, Vol. 5 (1), pp. 85-121.
[Link]

04The underestimated contribution of energy to economic growth.

Robert U. Ayres, Jeroen C.J.M. van der Bergh, Dietmar Lindenberger, Benjamin Warr
In: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Vol. 27, pp. 79-88.
[Link]

03Decarbonizing Europe’s power sector by 2050 – Analyzing the economic implications of alternative decarbonization pathways.

Cosima Jägemann, Michaela Fürsch, Simeon Hagspiel, Stephan Nagl
In: Energy Economics, Vol. 40, pp. 622-636.
[Link]

02The Costs of Electricity Systems with a High Share of Fluctuating Renewables – A Stochastic Investment and Dispatch Optimization Model.

Stephan Nagl, Michaela Fürsch, Dietmar Lindenberger
In: The Energy Journal, Vol. 34(4), pp. 151-179.
[Link]

01The Role of Grid Extensions in a Cost-Efficient Transformation of the European Electricity System until 2050.

Michaela Fürsch, Simeon Hagspiel, Cosima Jägemann, Stephan Nagl, Dietmar Lindenberger, Eckehard Tröster
In: Applied Energy, Vol. 104, pp. 642-652.
[Link]

04German Nuclear Policy Reconsidered: Implications for the Electricity Market.

Michaela Fürsch, Dietmar Lindenberger, Raimund Malischek, Stephan Nagl, Timo Panke, Johannes Trüby
In: Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy, Vol. 1 (3).
[Link]

03Copula-Based Modeling of Stochastic Wind Power in Europe and Implications for the Swiss Power Grid.

Simeon Hagspiel, Antonis Papaemannouil, Matthias Schmid, Göran Andersson
In: Applied Energy, Vol. 96 (8), pp. 33-44.
[Link]

02Versorgungssicherheit marktkonform gewährleisten

Christina Elberg, Jan Richter
In: ew – Magazin für die Energiewirtschaft, Vol. 111 (19).

01A Method for Estimating Security of Electricity Supply from Intermittent Sources: Scenarios for Germany until 2030.

Moritz Paulus, Katharina Grave, Dietmar Lindenberger
In: Energy Policy, Vol. 46, pp. 193-202.
[Link]

07Integration erneuerbarer Energien in die deutsche Stromversorgung im Zeitraum 2015 – 2020 mit Ausblick auf 2025. Katharina Grave, Dietmar Lindenberger et al.

Katharina Grave, Kaspar Knorr, Dietmar Lindenberger, Bernd Neddermann, Wilhelm Winter
In: Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft, Vol. 35 (2), pp. 139-153.
[Link]

06The Importance of Grid Extension in a High Wind Penetration Scenario for Europe until 2050.

Eckehard Tröster, Lukas Glotzbach, Thomas Ackermann, Michaela Fürsch, Cosima Jägemann, Stephan Nagl, Simeon Hagspiel, Dietmar Lindenberger
In: Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Large Scale Integration of Wind Power into Power Systems as well as on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Power Plants, Aarhus, Denmark.
[Link]

05Energy and the State of Nations

Dietmar Lindenberger, Reiner Kümmel
In: Energy, Vol. 36 (10), pp. 6010-6018.
[Link]

04Energy Policy Scenarios to Reach Challenging Climate Protection Targets in the German Electricity Sector until 2050.

Stephan Nagl, Michaela Fürsch, Moritz Paulus, Jan Richter, Johannes Trüby, Dietmar Lindenberger
In: Utilities Policy, Vol. 19(3), pp. 185-192.
[Link]

03Elektromobilität als CO2-Vermeidungsoption

Jan Richter, Dietmar Lindenberger
In: e|m|w, 4/2015, pp. 20–22.
[Link]

02Versorgungssicherheit in der Elektrizitätsversorgung

Dietmar Lindenberger, Moritz Paulus (mit Christoph Maurer, Albert Moser, Christian Linnemann)
In: Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen, Vol. 5/2011, pp. 22-24.
[Link]

01Energy Costs in Germany – Developments, Drivers and International Comparison

Michaela Fürsch, Stephan Nagl, Dietmar Lindenberger, J. Perner, Christoph Riechmann, Andreas Seeliger, Nadja Trhal
In: Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft, Vol. 35 (1), pp. 43–52.
[Link]

02Szenarien für ein Energiekonzept der Bundesregierung.

Dietmar Lindenberger, Christian Lutz, Michael Schlesinger
In: Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen, Vol. 11/2010, pp. 32–35.

01Thermodynamic Laws, Economic Methods, and the Productive Power of Energy.

Reiner Kümmel, Robert U. Ayres, Dietmar Lindenberger
In: Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics, Vol. 35(2).
[Link]