This analysis examines the deployment of large-scale battery storage systems in the German power system, which is gaining increasing importance due to falling costs and rising spot price volatility. Against the backdrop of high demand for grid connections, the study focuses on the applications in which large-scale batteries can provide economic and systemic benefits both today and in the future. The fields of application are structured into three areas: frequency containment, market-oriented operation, and non-frequency-related system services.
Initially, the current technical, regulatory, and economic framework conditions are evaluated. Building on this, the future potential of large-scale batteries is considered across the three fields of application. This includes an investigation of competitive dynamics with regard to the development of investment costs and revenue potentials. Finally, the paper discusses key developments in regulation and market design affecting grid access and the operation of large-scale battery storage systems.
