The voltage quality in the electricity grids is of central importance for grid stability, but has not been systematically measured or regulated in Germany to date. Against the background of the increasing integration of renewable energies and the coal phase-out, there could be an increase in voltage quality problems, particularly in medium and low-voltage grids. A short study by the EWI and Fraunhofer IEG shows that power quality is continuously monitored in many European countries, which can lead to improved transparency and quality of the electricity supply.
The short study discusses a multi-stage approach to regulation, which includes mandatory measurements of relevant power quality parameters in Germany as well as a possible integration of these measurements into incentive regulation. This could include a bonus-malus system in which grid operators are financially rewarded for high voltage quality and penalised for non-compliance. A cost-effective solution for continuous measurement could be achieved through the introduction of smart metering systems. A key point of the research is to weigh up the costs and benefits of the measures, whereby regulation must ensure that the financial incentives for grid operators are in line with the economic benefits of voltage quality improvements.
